Missouri Trails To The Past
Sac (Sauk) & Fox Tribe
Sac and Fox Tribe
Native Americans- Sac and Fox History and Culture (Mesquakie-Sauk)
To get started in American Indian Research
Ancestral Homeland: Wisconsin, Illinois,Iowa, andMissouri
Leaders: Black Hawk, Keokuk
Members of the Sac and Fox Tribe presently reside primarily in Iowa, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
Tribal Headquarters
History
- A brief history of the Sac and Fox tribe
- Allie B. Busby. Two Summers Among the Musquakies Relating to the Early History of the Sac and Fox Tribe FHL Film 989445 item 7
Brief Timeline
- 1665–1712: Three relatively small tribes (including the Sauk and the Fox) failed to overcome the French and allied Indians; they then fled to central Wisconsin.
- 1728: A series of attacks nearly destroyed the remaining Fox tribe.
- 1734: Sac and Fox tribes,became one tribe
- 1824-1841:Half-Breed Tract (of land) set aside for the orphans and widows of trappers. Tribes: Sac and Fox, Oto, Loway, Omaha, and Santee Sioux.This land later became Lee County, Iowa.
- 1832: Fox survivors moved southward into Iowa and aligned with the Sauk in the Black Hawk War. The Sauk and Fox tribes merged and were forced to move into Kansas by a U.S. government proclamation. Later the Fox tribe returned to Iowa and lived on a settlement tract of 80 acres that they had purchased.
- 1867 Sauk and Fox remove from Kansas to Indian Territory.
- 1891 Sac and Fox-Shawnee Land in Oklahoma opened for settlement.
Additional References to the History of the Tribe
Green, Charles Ransley. Early Days in Kansas.FamilySearch digital versionFHL book 970.1 G82eWorldCat
Green, Charles Ransley. Sac and Fox Indians in Kansas. FHL|1808833|disp=FHL
book 970.1 G82sWorldCat
Reservation
Reservation a tract of land set aside for occupation and use by American Indians.
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[1], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America[2], and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.
Agency
Sac and Fox Agency Iowa
Sac and Fox Agency Oklahoma
Records
The majority of records of
individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be
available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and
are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with
maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility.
Among these records are:
- Allotment records
- Annuity rolls
- Census records
- Correspondence
- Health records
- Reports
- School census and records
- Vital records
Records Available through the Family History Library
- Indian (Sac and Fox) Census of Iowa, ca. 1836–1840. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1978. FHL | Film 1022202 item 4
- United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indian Census Rolls, 1885–1940. Washington, DC, 1965. FHL | Films 581444–445 These rolls include the Sauk and Fox census rolls from 1888 to 1939. FHL|Film 581446 includes births and deaths from 1924 to 1932.
- Annuity Payroll of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa, Sept. 15, 1910. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1975. FHL |Film 0989445 item 12 This record serves as a partial census for this tribe.
- Annuity Pay Roll 1910 of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa FHL |film 989445 item 12
Treaties
- 1789 January 9, at Fort Harmer
- 1804 November 3, at St. Louis
- 1815September 14, at Portage des Sioux
- 1815September 13,
- 1816 May 13, at St. Louis
- 1822 September 3, at Fort Armstrong
- 1825 August 19, at Prairie des Chiens
- 1830 July 15, at Prairie des Chiens
- 1832 September 12, at Fort Armstrong
- 1836 September 17, at Fort Leavenworth
- 1836 September 27,
- 1836 September 28, on right bank of Mississippi River, county of Debuque, Territory of Wisconsin
- 1836 September 28,
- 1837 October 21, at Washington
- 1837 October 21, at Washington
- 1842 October 11, Territory of Iowa
- 1854 May 18, at Washington
- 1859 October 1, at Sax and Fox Agency, Territory of Kansas
- 1861 March 6, at Great Nemaba Agency, Nebraska Territory
- 1867 February 18,
Important Web Sites
- Official Tribal Web Site
- Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa 1938
- Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Reservation in Kansas and Nebraska 1937
- Constitution of the Sac and Fox Nation
- Sac and Fox Nation article from Wikipedia
- A brief history of the Sac and Fox tribe
History
- A brief history of the Sac and Fox tribe
- Allie B. Busby. Two Summers Among the Musquakies Relating to the Early History of the Sac and Fox Tribe FHL Film 989445 item 7
Brief Timeline
- 1665–1712: Three relatively small tribes (including the Sauk and the Fox) failed to overcome the French and allied Indians; they then fled to central Wisconsin.
- 1728: A series of attacks nearly destroyed the remaining Fox tribe.
- 1734: Sac and Fox tribes,became one tribe
- 1824-1841:Half-Breed Tract (of land) set aside for the orphans and widows of trappers. Tribes: Sac and Fox, Oto, Loway, Omaha, and Santee Sioux.This land later became Lee County, Iowa.
- 1832: Fox survivors moved southward into Iowa and aligned with the Sauk in the Black Hawk War. The Sauk and Fox tribes merged and were forced to move into Kansas by a U.S. government proclamation. Later the Fox tribe returned to Iowa and lived on a settlement tract of 80 acres that they had purchased.
- 1867 Sauk and Fox remove from Kansas to Indian Territory.
- 1891 Sac and Fox-Shawnee Land in Oklahoma opened for settlement.
Additional References to the History of the Tribe
Green, Charles Ransley. Early Days in Kansas.FamilySearch digital versionFHL book 970.1 G82eWorldCat
Green, Charles Ransley. Sac and Fox Indians in Kansas. FHL|1808833|disp=FHL
book 970.1 G82sWorldCat
Reservation
Reservation a tract of land set aside for occupation and use by American Indians.
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[1], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America[2], and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.
Agency
Sac and Fox Agency Iowa
Sac and Fox Agency Oklahoma
Records
The majority of records of
individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be
available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and
are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with
maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility.
Among these records are:
- Allotment records
- Annuity rolls
- Census records
- Correspondence
- Health records
- Reports
- School census and records
- Vital records
Records Available through the Family History Library
- Indian (Sac and Fox) Census of Iowa, ca. 1836–1840. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1978. FHL | Film 1022202 item 4
- United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indian Census Rolls, 1885–1940. Washington, DC, 1965. FHL | Films 581444–445 These rolls include the Sauk and Fox census rolls from 1888 to 1939. FHL|Film 581446 includes births and deaths from 1924 to 1932.
- Annuity Payroll of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa, Sept. 15, 1910. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1975. FHL |Film 0989445 item 12 This record serves as a partial census for this tribe.
- Annuity Pay Roll 1910 of the Sac and Fox of the Mississippi in Iowa FHL |film 989445 item 12
Treaties
- 1789 January 9, at Fort Harmer
- 1804 November 3, at St. Louis
- 1815September 14, at Portage des Sioux
- 1815September 13,
- 1816 May 13, at St. Louis
- 1822 September 3, at Fort Armstrong
- 1825 August 19, at Prairie des Chiens
- 1830 July 15, at Prairie des Chiens
- 1832 September 12, at Fort Armstrong
- 1836 September 17, at Fort Leavenworth
- 1836 September 27,
- 1836 September 28, on right bank of Mississippi River, county of Debuque, Territory of Wisconsin
- 1836 September 28,
- 1837 October 21, at Washington
- 1837 October 21, at Washington
- 1842 October 11, Territory of Iowa
- 1854 May 18, at Washington
- 1859 October 1, at Sax and Fox Agency, Territory of Kansas
- 1861 March 6, at Great Nemaba Agency, Nebraska Territory
- 1867 February 18,
Important Web Sites
- Official Tribal Web Site
- Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa 1938
- Constitution and By-Laws of the Sac and Fox Reservation in Kansas and Nebraska 1937
- Constitution of the Sac and Fox Nation
- Sac and Fox Nation article from Wikipedia
- A brief history of the Sac and Fox tribe